SECOND LESSON

[Faruk]

Variations of dir (wihich is the third person singular of the verb olmak (to be) )

1)When the last vowel of the word is ö or ü, dir becomes dür:

Bu adam kördür This man is bilind.
boo ah-dam kör-dewr

Bu bir güldür. This is a rose
Boo beer guewl-dewr

Bugün ne gündür? What day is today?
Boo-guewn nay guewn-dewr?

Burası bir köydür. This place is a village.
Boo-rahcı beer köy-dewr

2)When the last vowel of the word is o ur u, dir becomes dur:

Bu oda bir salondur. This room is a sitting-room.
boo oh-dah beer sah-lohn-dur

Bu köprü uzundur. This bridge is long.
Boo kö-prewoozoon-dur

Bu ders zordur. This lesson is difficult.
Boo ders zohr-dur

Burada su boldur. Water is abudant here.
Boo-rahdah soo bohl-dur

We will thus have:

The last vowel of the word being:

e or i ( is ) will be translated: dir,
a or ı ( is ) will be translated: dır,
ö or ü ( is ) will be tarnslated: dür,
o or u ( is) will be translated: dur.

Adam (ah-dam) man, person. Köprü ( kö-prew) bridge.
Açık (ah-chık) open. Kör ( kör) bilind.
Bu ( boo) this, these. Köy ( köy) village.
Burada (boo-rahdah) here. Kutu (coo-too) box.
Bol (bohl) abundant. Ne (nay?) what.
Bugün (boo-guewn) today. Pis (peece) dirty.
Boş (bohsh) empty. Salon ( sah-lohn) sitting-room
Ders (ders ) lesson. Sert (sert) hard
Demir (day-mere) iron. Siyah (see-yah) black.
Genç (guench) young. Su (soo) water.
Gül (guewl) rose. Uzun (oo-zoon) long.
Gün (guewn) day. Zayıf (zah-yıf) weak; lean.

Kayıp (cah-yıp) lost. Zor (zohr) difficult.
Burası (boo-rahcı)this place,here

Note. - Words ending in ( ç, f, h, k, p, s, ş, t, ) alter the letter d of dir,drı,dür,dur with a t,becaming thus: tir,tır,tür,tur.

Demir serttir Iron is hard.
Bu bahçe pistir. This garden is dirty.
Bu kitap siyahtır. This book is black.
Paul zayıftır. Paul is lean.
Henry gençtir. Henry is young.
Kalem kayıptır. The pencil is lost.
Bu kutu boştur. This box is empty.
Kapı açıktır. The door is open.
Bu adam iyidir. This man is good.
İyi bir adam. A good man.
Bu dolap açıktır. This cupboard is open.
Açık bir dolap. An open cupboard.
Bu köpek pistir. This dog is dirty.
Pis bir köpek. A dirty dog.
Kitaplar kayıptır. The books are lost.
Kayıp kitaplar. The lost books.
Günler uzundur. The days are long.
Uzun günler. The long days.

Exercise 3. - Put the following sentences into Turkish.

Henry is blind. - The window is open. - The house is empty. - The dog is meagre. - The cat is nice. - Paul is good. - The pencil is black. - The copy-book is white. - This water is dirty. - This door is closed.