THIRD LESSON

[Faruk]

Evim var. I have a house.
ayveem vahr

Defterin var. You have a copy-book.
deaf-tarin vahr

Kalemi var. He (she) has a pencil.
cah-laymee vahr


The Turkish possesive suffixes,which must comply with the rule of eupony,are :
im = my imiz = onur
in = your iniz = your
i = his, her, its,one's leri = their

Should the word end in a vowel :

1)the suffix of the 9rd person singular becomes si,
2)the 1si and 2nd person singular and plural and drop the initai i of the suffix.

Anahtar (ah-nah-tahr) key. Kalp (cahip) heart.
Arkadaş ( ahr-cahdash) friend. Kaşık (cah-shık) spoon.
Comrade, companion. Makas ( mah-cass) scissors.
At (aht) horse.

Bardak (bahr-dahk) glass. Şapka (shahp-cah) hat
Bıçak (bı-chahk) knife. Şişe (she-shay) bottle.
Çatal (chah-tahl) fork. Tabak (tah-bahk) plate.
Çivi (chee-vy) nail. Top (tohp) ball.
Göz (guöz) eye. Yüzük (yew-zewk) ring.
Fırça (fır-chah) brush. Var (vahr) there is.
Baş (bahsh) head. Yok (yohk) there is not.

Masam var. I have a table.
Kedisi var. He (she) has a cat.
Bahçemiz var. We have a garden.
Kitabı (') var. He (she) has a book.
İskemleniz var. You have a chair.
Gülüm var. I have a rose.
Dersleri var. They (are going to) have a lesson.

Fırçası var. He (she) has a brush.
Kutunuz var. You have a box.
Şişeleri var. They have a bottle.
Arkadaşınız iyidir. Your friend is good.
İyi bir arkadaşım var. I have a good friend.

Yüzüğünüz güzeldir. Your ring is beautiful.
Güzel bir yüzüğünüz var. You have a beautiful ring.
Beyaz bir atım var. I have a write horse.
Zor bir dersimiz var. We have a difficult lesson.
Zayıf bir kalbim var. I have a week heart.

Var is thus the equivalent of ( there is ) ; its contrary is yok (there is not).

Evim yok. I have not a house.
Fırçan yok. You have not a brush.
Çatalı yok. He (she) has not a fork.
Bıçağımız yok. (') We have not a knife.
Kaşığınız yok. You have not a spoon.
Köpekleri yok. They have not a dog.
Tabağım yok. I have not a plate.
Bardağı yok. He (she) has not a glass.
Şişemiz yok. We have not a bottle.

The intermogative is obtained with the particle (mı) which is placed,without joinig,after var and with the particle (mu) placed after yok,still without joining.

Eviniz var mı? Have you a house?
Şapkan var mı? Have you a hat?
Atları var mı? Have they a horse?
Makası var mı? Has he (she) the scissors?
Köpeğiniz var mı? Have you a dog?
Şişemiz yok mu? Have we not a bottle?
Anahtarın yok mu? Have you not a key?
Kitabınız yok mu? Have you not a book?
Topu yok mu? Has not he (she) a ball?
Gözleri yok mu? Have they not eyes?

Exercise 4. -Put the following phrases into Turkish.

I have a friend. - You have a friend (2nd person singular). - He has a ball. - We have a heart. - You have a nail (2nd person prlural). - They have a ring. - He has no heart. - Have you a ball?. - (2nd person plurall). - I have not a ring. - Have you a friend? (2nd person singular). - Have we a house? - You have not a pencil (2nd person plural). - Have you not a heart? (2nd person singular).